Back Numbers 2023-24
Back to Home (Japanese)      Back-Numbers etc.



April

  • April 21, 2023
    Speaker: Michiru Niibo (Ochanomizu University)
    Title Future Constraints on Neutrino Lines from Dark Matter
    Abstract Neutrinos are the least constrained and are expected to shed new light on the state of dark matter detection. In particular, neutrino line spectra from MeV dark matter in our Galaxy are an important signal because they are detected in the inverse decay channel with little smearing effect. In this talk, I will discuss the possibility that JUNO, a future neutrino detector, will be able to detect neutrino lines from the annihilation and decay of MeV dark matter in a model-independent way. In addition, constraints from future neutrino detectors on a particular dark matter model motivated by a neutrino mass mechanism called the Majoron will be presented.
    E-Print [1] Kensuke Akita, Gaetano Lambiase, Michiru Niibo, Masahide Yamaguchi [arXiv:2206.06755 [hep-ph]]

  • April 28, 2023
    Speaker: Eiji Kodaira (Shinshu University)
    Title On representation matrices of boundary conditions in SU(n) gauge theories compactified on two-dimensional orbifolds
    Abstract We study the existence of diagonal representatives in each equivalence class of representation matrices of boundary conditions in SU(n) or U(n) gauge theories compactified on the orbifolds T^2/Z_N (N = 2, 3, 4, 6). We suppose that the theory has a global G' = U(n) symmetry. Using constraints, unitary transformations and gauge transformations, we examine whether the representation matrices can simultaneously become diagonal or not. We show that at least one diagonal representative necessarily exists in each equivalence class on T^2/Z_2 and T^2/Z_3, but the representation matrices on T^2/Z_4 and T^2/Z_6 can contain not only diagonal matrices but also non-diagonal 2x2 ones and non-diagonal 3x3 and 2x2 ones, respectively, as a member of block-diagonal submatrices. These non-diagonal matrices have discrete parameters, which means that the rank-reducing symmetry breaking can be caused by the discrete Wilson line phases.
    E-Print [1] Yoshiharu Kawamura, Eiji Kodaira, Kentaro Kojima, Toshifumi Yamashita [arXiv:2211.00877 [hep-th]]







    May

  • May 12, 2023
    Speaker: Tomo Takahashi (Saga University)
    Title Cosmology with 21cm line
    Abstract The redshifted 21cm line of neutral hydrogen is considered to be a useful probe of various aspects of cosmology. In this talk, first I review the basics of cosmology using 21cm line. Then several topics are discussed such as 21cm line as a probe of the inflationary Universe, dark matter and so on. Implications of current and future observations of the 21cm line on various cosmological aspects will also be discussed.

  • May 26, 2023
    Speaker: Hoi-Lai Yu (Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica)
    Title Intrinsic Time Gravity
    Abstract (1)What is time in General Relativity?
    (2)Why is it necessary to quantise gravity?
    (3) How to modify General Relativity to achieve a renormalizable theory of gravitation
    (4) The no boundary proposal to the initial state of the Universe.







    June

  • June 2, 2023
    Speaker: Kunio Kaneta (Tokyo Woman’s Christian University)
    Title Boltzmann or Bogoliubov? A Case of Gravitational Particle Production
    Abstract Despite being the weakest force in nature, gravity is a fundamental source of particle production in the early universe. All particles, including dark matter, are necessarily produced after the end of inflation. Two approaches have been commonly considered to study this production process: one based on the Boltzmann equation and the other based on the Bogoliubov transformation. The former is widely used in phenomenological studies of dark matter, while the latter was developed to describe particle production in curved spacetime. By considering the pure gravitational production of a scalar particle, we would like to discuss when these two approaches are equivalent and when they are not.
    E-Print [1] Kunio Kaneta, Sung Mook Lee, Kin-ya Oda [arXiv:2206.10929 [astro-ph.CO]]

  • June 9, 2023
    Speaker: Yasuyuki Hatsuda (Rikkyo Univ.)
    Title Hofstadter's Butterfly in Quantum Geometry
    E-Print [1] Yasuyuki Hatsuda, Hosho Katsura, Yuji Tachikawa [arXiv:1606.01894 [hep-th]]

  • June 16, 2023
    Speaker: Taishi Kawamoto (YITP, Kyoto University)
    Title Gluing AdS/CFT
    Abstract Although AdS/CFT correspondence is one of the successful realizations of holographic principle, the spacetimes it can tame is restricted. To gain understanding for more realistic spacetime, for example, our universe or evaporating blackhole, it is natural to generalize AdS/CFT. The primary purpose of this paper is to initiate the exploration of the concept of " holography without boundaries" through the modification of the Ad/CFT. In concrete, we consider gluing two AdS spacetimes together along the timelike hypersurface by demanding the Israel junction condition. From the viewpoint of the boundary field theory, the resulting bulk gravity will be dual to two TT\bar deformed field theory with induced gravity. Moreover, we find the constraint of the boundary stress tensor and explicit configuration of the glued spacetime and its interface boundary surface in AdS3/CFT2.
    E-Print [1] Taishi Kawamoto, Shan-Ming Ruan, Tadashi Takayanagi [arXiv:2303.01247 [hep-th]]

  • June 23, 2023
    Speaker: Takaaki Nomura (Sichuan University)
    Title A quark and lepton model with flavor specific DM and muon 𝑔−2 in modular 𝐴4 and hidden 𝑈(1) symmetries
    Abstract We consider a quark and lepton model explaining their masses, mixings, and CP violating phases, introducing modular 𝐴4 and hidden gauged 𝑈(1) symmetries. The hidden 𝑈(1) brings us heavier Majorana fermions that are requested by chiral anomaly cancellations, and we work on a canonical seesaw scenario due to their neutral particles. Then, we discuss a scalar dark matter candidate that has flavor specific interactions. In addition, we study muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment where there are not any constraints of lepton flavor violations thanks to this flavor symmetry.
    E-Print [1] Takaaki Nomura, Hiroshi Okada [arXiv:2304.13361 [hep-ph]]

  • June 30, 2023
    Journal club
    Speaker: Tatsuo Kobayashi (Hokkaido University)
    Title Four recent papers on moduli stabilization
    E-Print [1] P. P. Novichkov, J. T. Penedo, S. T. Petcov [arXiv:2201.02020 [hep-ph]]
    [2] Keiya Ishiguro, Hiroshi Okada, Hajime Otsuka [arXiv:2206.04313 [hep-ph]]
    [3] Jacob M. Leedom, Nicole Righi, Alexander Westphal [arXiv:2212.03876 [hep-th]]
    [4] Victor Knapp-Perez, Xiang-Gan Liu, Hans Peter Nilles, Saul Ramos-Sanchez, Michael Ratz [arXiv:2304.14437 [hep-th]]







    July

  • July 7, 2023
    Speaker: Genta Osaki (University of Tokyo)
    Title New Contributions to Lepton Dipole Moments in Vector-like Lepton Models
    Abstract One of the problems in the Standard Model is "muon g-2 anomaly". "g-2" is a physical value that characterizes magnetic dipole moment. For muon g-2, there is a 4.2σ discrepancy between SM prediction and experimental result. In our work, we used Vector-like Lepton Models to explain this anomaly. The interesting point is that there are new contributions to muon/electron electric dipole moments which have possibilities to be measured by future experiments.
    E-Print [1] Koichi Hamaguchi, Natsumi Nagata, Genta Osaki, Shih-Yen Tseng [arXiv:2211.16800 [hep-ph]]

  • July 21, 2023
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: Toshiki Kawai (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Phenomenological Aspects of Gauge-Higgs Unification in the Warped Spacetime
    Abstract In gauge-Higgs unification scenario, Higgs field is an extra component of a higher dimensional gauge field. This feature allows us to solve the quadratic divergence problem for Higgs mass (squared) and to control the Higgs sector by the gauge principle. I will first review the basic concepts of GHU and relevant toy models, then focus on GHU in the warped background spacetime. We will see that the SO(5)×U(1) theory in the RS spacetime can reproduce the Standard Model (review). I will also mention future prospects and if time permits, see that the GHU idea can be applied to inflation.

  • July 28, 2023
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: K. A. ShivaSankar (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Cosmic messengers: Particles from cosmic sources
    Abstract In this talk, I will discuss the physics of particles produced in cosmic sources like stars, black holes etc. These elusive messengers carry crucial information about environments and physical processes in and around the places they are produced. These cosmic messengers present a transformative avenue in the intersection of particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. The talk highlights the significance of multi-messenger astronomy, offering an interesting approach to studying physics beyond the standard model with cosmic sources as our collider. I will first review the ideas of particle production in cosmic sources and the possible new physics affecting them. Later I will discuss insights from my ongoing research project on gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGN), and Blazars and showcase the potential of neutrino astronomy in specific to unveil the physics involved in these cosmic events. In the end, I will discuss possible future prospects of multi-messenger physics and other interesting future directions of the current project.
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: Yoshihiro Aiko (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title TBA
    Abstract TBA
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: Takayoshi Shirai (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title New cosmological model for decreasing Hubble tension
    Abstract Standard ΛCDM model confronts some tension compared to observations. I introduce some attempts to improve this problem.







    August

  • August 4, 2023
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: Riku Sakuma (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Modular Stabilization and Coleman-Weinberg potential
    Abstract Standard Model is a most successful theory to explain our universe. But it would not be a ultimate theory. One of the problems the theory couldn’t explain is the quark mass hierarchy. Why are there three quark generations and why these masses differ greatly? To solve this problem, we introduce a new symmetry, which is called “modular symmetry”. If we impose this symmetry on the Lagrangian, less parameters would be needed to solve this problem. But what does this “modular symmetry” come from? It seems that it comes from super string theory. To explain this theory, we need 10-dimensional space and time. But 6 of them are compactified into a small region, which means that we regard this universe as a 4-dimensional space-time. However, during the process of compactification, there will appear a new field, which is called “modular field”. If this field interacted with other particles, then there would be “a fifth interaction”, which contradicts with experiments. To avoid this, modular field would have to be a constant value overall the space-time. Which value would this field be fixed? To answer this question, we consider “Coleman-Weinberg potential”. Local minimum values would be candidates of the fixed points, and we will use computer to simulate how the potential looks like and search for the fixed point.
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: Motoya Harada (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Regular black holes: A short topic review
    Abstract A regular black hole is a collection of black holes that have a coordinate singularity but no intrinsic singularity in the entire spacetime. We will describe the algebraic properties of the metric that make it possible to generate regular black holes, and then consider the generation of regular black holes by using nonlinear electrodynamics and high differential gravity theory to make changes to the Einstein-Hilbert action.
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: Ryo Tomizawa (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title String theory and D-brane
    Abstract The Standard Model of particle physics has huge success in experimental predictions. However, some problems are remaining. String theory is a confidante to solve these problems. I talk about an overview of string theory. Then we have to consider a physical object called D-brane. Next, I focus on D-brane. Finally, We see Randall-Sundrum model, that can solve the gauge hierarchy problem.







    October

  • October 6, 2023
    Journal Club
    Speaker: Kaito Nasu (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title A4 Modular Flavour Model of Quark Mass Hierarchies close to the Fixed Point τ = i∞
    Journal Club
    Speaker: Akihiro Jo (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title TBD
    Journal Club
    Speaker: Yoshihiro Aiko (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title TBD

  • October 13, 2023
    Journal Club
    Speaker: Osamu Seto (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Primordial black holes (overview)
    E-Print [1] B. Carr et al, Rept. Prog. Phys. 84, 116902 (2021) [2002.12778v2 [astro-ph.CO]]
    [2] Escriva et al 2211.05767 [2211.05767v3 [astro-ph.CO]]
    [3] Yoo, Galaxies 10, 112 (2022)
    [4] Auffinger, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 131, 104040 (2023)

  • October 20, 2023
    Journal Club
    Speaker: Kazuhiko Suehiro (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Overview of String Field Theory and Cosmological Constant as its Application
    E-Print [1] C. Maccaferri (2023) [2308.00875v1 [hep-th]]
    [2] Carlo Maccaferri, Jakub Vošmera (2022) [2208.00410v1 [hep-th]]

  • October 27, 2023
    M1 Journal Club
    Speaker: Yuya Nishio (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Scattering in Finite Time
    E-Print [1] K. Ishikawa, K. Nishiwaki, K.-y. Oda [2006.14159 [hep-th]]
    [2] K. Ishikawa, K.-y. Oda [1809.04285 [hep-ph]]
    [3] K. Ishikawa, Y. Tobita [1303.4568 [hep-ph]]
    [4] K. Ishikawa, T. Shimomura [0508303 [hep-th]]
    M2 mid term presentation
    Speaker: K.A.Shivasankar (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Cosmic emissaries - High energy neutrinos and new physics
    E-Print [1] ShivaSankar K.A., Arindam Das, Gaetano Lambiase, Takaaki Nomura and Yuta Orikasa [2308.14483 [hep-ph]]







    November

  • November 10, 2023
    Speaker: Prof. Milad Delfan Azari (Waseda U.)
    Lecture
    Title Core-collapse supernovae and the role of neutrinos in supernova explosions
    Contents Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the explosive death of massive stars with zero-age-main-sequance masses of ≳8 MSun and are at the same time the birth of a compact object such as a neutron star (NS) or a black hole (BH). They are an important agent for the chemical evolution of the Universe, producing heavy elements. The exact mechanism of CCSNe is not fully understood. The initial implosion of a massive star core should be reversed somehow to produce an explosion. It is well established that the core bounce induced by hardening of matter at nuclear density does not generate a shock wave powerful enough to expel the outer part of the imploding core, not to mention the stellar outer envelopes. Supernova researchers hence have been seeking for a way to reinvigorate the shock wave stalled inside the core. Neutrinos are believed to play a key role in the shock revival. As a matter of fact, almost all of the binding energy of NS liberated in the gravitational collapse is emitted in the form of neutrinos and the kinetic energy of matter in the supernova explosion is just about a percent of this energy. In the currently most popular scenario, which is called the neutrino heating mechanism, a fraction of the electron-type neutrinos and antineutrinos are reabsorbed by matter between the shock front and the so-called gain radius and deposit their energy to push the stagnated shock again. It is obvious then that the success of the scenario depends on how efficiently neutrinos are absorbed by matter. It is also known that muon-neutrinos and taun-neutrinos and their antiparticles have higher energies than electron-neutrinos and anti-electron neutrinos in general, since they lack interactions with matter via charged currents in the supernova core. It is equally obvious then that if the former is converted to the latter and absorbed by matter, more energy will be transferred to matter and may induce successful explosions. This lecture provides a brief overview of what is CCSNe and our current understanding of its physics. It will also introduce neutrino oscillations and their relation to CCSNe explosions.
    Seminar
    Title Neutrino flavor conversions in supernova cores
    Abstract As all the energy in the gravitational collapse of a massive star is emitted in the form of neutrinos, it is believed that they have a crucial role in the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae. It is known that neutrinos may change their identity through fast flavor conversion (FFC) induced by mutual forward scattering. If this happens, it may have an impact on the dynamics of supernova explosions, since it may occur near the neutrino sphere. A major challenge is that neutrino flavor evolution is nonlinear, multiscale, and far beyond the capabilities of current numerical calculations. Therefore, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of theoretical concepts to bring the problem within reach. In this talk, I will summarize our current understanding of the physics of neutrino flavor conversions in supernova cores and their role in the explosion mechanism.

  • November 17, 2023
    Seminar
    Speaker: Prof. Hajime Otsuka (Kyushu U.)
    Title Machine learning approaches to string compactifications
    Abstract We show that neural networks can detect hidden structures in the string landscape, in particular, heterotic string theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds with line bundles. It turns out that three-generation models cluster in particular islands specified by deep autoencoder networks and k-means++ clustering. Especially, we explore mutual relations between model parameters and the cluster with densest three-generation models (called ``3-generation island"). We find that the 3-generation island has a strong correlation with the topological data of Calabi-Yau threefolds, namely, second Chern class of the tangent bundle of the Calabi-Yau threefolds. Finally, we show a recent attempt to reveal hidden structure in Type IIA intersecting D-brane models.
    E-Print [1] H. Otsuka and K. Takemoto, JHEP 05, 047 (2020) [2003.11880 [hep-th]]
    [2] K. Ishiguro, S. Nishimura and H. Otsuka, (Work in progress)

  • November 24, 2023
    Online Seminar
    Speaker: Prof. Daisuke Yamauchi (Okayama University of Science)
    Title Testing Gravity: Connecting theoretical developments to forthcoming observations
    Abstract Since the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the present universe, significant theoretical developments have been made in the area of modified gravity. In the meantime, cosmological observations have been providing more high-quality data, allowing us to explore gravity on cosmological scales. In this talk, to bridge the recent theoretical developments and observations, I present an overview of a variety of modified theories of gravity and the cosmological observables in the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure. I also discuss the cosmological scientific challenges led by the cosmologists in the Japanese research community.







    December

  • December 1, 2023
    Journal Club
    Speaker: Hisao Suzuki (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Quantization of Axion-Gauge Couplings and Non-Invertible Higher Symmetries
    E-Print [1] Yichul Choi , Matthew Forslund, Ho Tat Lam, and Shu-Heng Shao [arXiv:2309.03937 [hep-ph]]

    M1 JC Rehearsal
    Speaker: Tim Jeric (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Orbifold Compactification of the Heterotic String

  • December 8, 2023
    M1 JC Rehearsal
    Speaker: Shingo Yokoyama (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Quantization of Axion-Gauge Couplings and Non-Invertible Higher Symmetries
    E-Print [1] Douglas Stanford, Leonard Susskind [1406.2678 [hep-th]]
    [2] E. Rabinovici, A. Sánchez-Garrido, R. Shir, J. Sonner [2207.07701 [hep-th]]
    [3] Ignacio García-Mata, Rodolfo A. Jalabert, Diego A. Wisniacki [2209.07965 [quant-ph]]
    Lecture
    Speaker: Prof. Naoya Kitajima (Tohoku U.)
    Title Gravitational waves from early dark energy
    Abstract In this seminar, I will show the production of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) in the early universe based on the physics beyond the standard (Lambda CDM) model. I particularly focus on the (axion-like) early dark energy model motivated by the Hubble tension. In this model, the GW emission occurs through the parametric resonance instability of scalar field fluctuations which is a typical consequence of interacting scalar field models (like inflaton models). The emitted GWs have ultra-low frequencies, namely in femto-Hz frequency bands, which can be probed by cosmic microwave background observations. We have performed numerical lattice simulations to follow the nonlinear dynamics of interacting scalar field and also the subsequent GW emission process. I will show the resultant GW spectrum and the implication for the detection by CMB B-mode observations.

  • December 22, 2023
    Seminar
    Speaker: Kohtaroh Miura
    Title Lattice QCD for Muon g-2 and Electroweak Precision Physics
    Abstract The subject of my talk is the lattice QCD for precision science of muon anomalous magnetic moments (muon g-2). So far, the muon g-2 has implied almost 5-sigma tension to the Standard Model (SM) since FNAL-E989 measurements, but the lattice QCD has provided a paradigm shift. The first part of my talk will be a brief lecture on the muon g-2 for graduate course students and non-experts. After a quick review of perturbative calculations of a vacuum polarization (VP), I focus on data-driven estimates of non-perturbative effects from a hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP), which prevents us from confirming the above 5-sigma tension. In the second part, I will move onto lattice QCD calculations of the muon g-2. After brief introduction of the lattice QCD and a Monte Carlo simulation, I will show the BMW-group estimates of the HVP effects in the muon g-2 in outstanding precision, which indicates much smaller tension to the SM than the 5-sigma. Then, I will focus on various comparisons among the lattice QCDs, data-driven methods, and experiments. Finally, I will show the Mainz/CLS group estimates for the HVP contributions to the QED running coupling and discuss the lattice QCD impact on the electroweak global fits.







    January

  • January 5, 2024
    M1 JC Rehearsal
    Speaker: Shinsuke Yoshida (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Lepton flavour violation in a radiative neutrino mass model with the asymmetric Yukawa structure

  • January 12, 2024
    M2 Master thesis presentation
    Speaker: Riku Sakuma
    Title Modular Stabilization and Coleman-Weinberg potential
    Abstract Standard model couldn’t explain why there is a mass hierarchy among quarks. To solve this problem, we consider “a modulus field”, which occurs when compactifying extra dimensions in super string theory. This field is constant in all space-time, and previous research suggests that this value is near “a fixed point” which satisfies “modular symmetry”. In this research, I draw some graphs of effective potential, and examine behaviors near the point.
    M2 Master thesis presentation
    Speaker: Motoya Harada
    Title Consideration of a new action modification due to the contribution of surface terms
    Abstract A regular black hole is a collection of black holes that have a coordinate singularity but no intrinsic singularity in the entire space-time. Because of the undesirable properties of singular spaces, methods to circumvent them in both classical and quantum contexts are frequently presented in the literature. In particular, classical regular solutions are worth studying because there is no complete microscopic theory for gravitational fields. We will first review a bit about Einstein's equations and explain that the event horizon of the Schwarzschild metric is a coordinate singularity, not a physical singularity. Then, as an idea for deriving a regular black hole, we will review examples of using nonlinear electrodynamics, F(R)-gravity, and F(T)-gravity to add changes to the action. We then explain how adding a GHY term to the action can cancel the surface term in the Einstein-Hilbert action by considering the boundary. Finally, we consider whether any new changes can be made to the action by considering the contribution from the surface term.

  • January 19, 2024
    M2 Master thesis presentation
    Speaker: Toshiki Kawai
    Title Gauge-Higgs/Inflaton unification in the warped spacetime
    Abstract One of the common problems among particle physics and cosmology is the radiative corrections and relevant fine-tuning problem of scalar field (e.g. Higgs or Inflaton) physics. However, if the scalar field is the extra component of a higher dimensional gauge field, the gauge symmetry protects the mass and the potential. In the presentation, some gauge-Higgs/Inflaton unification models are introduced and I will especially focus on a gauge-inflaton unification model in the Randall-Sundrum warped spacetime (original work) to show that the potential which is obtained by quantum corrections in a 5-dim. QED-like model can act as the inflaton potential.
    M2 Master thesis presentation
    Speaker: Takayoshi Shirai
    Title Gravitational Wave Background from 1st order phase transition in early universe
    Abstract NANOGrav collaboration groups yesterday observed Long-Wavelength(nHz) Gravitational Wave Background(GWB)signals. I presented the possibility of 1st order Phase Transition, in early universe, which is able to generate such a GWB. Finally we discuss a concrete candidate of extended model, with additional gauge symmetry, and probability whether such a Phase Transition occur with symmetry breaking.

  • January 29, 2024
    M2 Master Thesis presentation
    Speaker: Riku Sakuma (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Modular Stabilization and Coleman-Weinberg potential
    Speaker: Motoya Harada (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Consideration of a new action modification due to the contribution of surface terms
    Speaker: Toshiki Kawai (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Gauge-Higgs/Inflaton unification in the warped spacetime
    Speaker: Takayoshi Shirai (Hokkaido Univ.)
    Title Gravitational Wave Background from 1st order phase transition in early universe


    Back to Home(Japanese)      Back-Numbers etc.